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(AMAZON LIST)
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-MAGNETIC SHEETS-
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-MAGNETIC DOTS-
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-VARIETY PAX-
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-MAGNETIC SHEETS-
-16 PACK-
[20.32 CM] X [25.4 CM]
[516.128 SQUARE CENTIMETERS]
[8,257.048 SQUARE CENTIMETERS]
(20
$18.99
($1.19 / SHEET)
*ARQ* —> 0.8
(LESS VERTICAL THAN [9:16])
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-MAGNETIC SQUARES-
“X-BET MAGNET”
“AMAZON’S CHOICE”
-24 SQUARES-
$5.99
(25 CENTS / SQUARE)
[2 CM] X [2 CM] X [0.5 CM]
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*area* —>
-[4 SQUARE CM]-
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*volume* —>
-[2 CUBIC CM]-
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-[FRONT SIDE] IS [MAGNETIC +]-
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-[BACK SIDE] IS [MAGNETIC -]-
(COVERED WITH “STICKY ADHESIVE”)
(COVERD WITH [RED “PEEL-OFF PAPER”])
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-THE [FRONT SIDE] OF 1 “SQUARE” ATTRACTS THE “BACK SIDE” OF OTHER “SQUARES”-
(AND REPELS THE “FRONT SIDE” OF OTHER “SQUARES”)
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-THE [BACK SIDE] OF 1 “SQUARE” ATTRACTS THE “FRONT SIDE” OF OTHER “SQUARES”-
(AND REPELS THE “BACK SIDE” OF OTHER “SQUARES”)
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-HOLDS [305 GRAMS] IN “VERTICAL DIRECTION”-
(0.6724 POUNDS)
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*MAGNETIC RECTANGLES* —>
1
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[8-PACK]
$12.99
($1.62 / MAGNET)
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-FRONT ADHESIVE* —>
-MAGNET-
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*BACK ADHESIVE* —>
-[DOUBLE-SIDED] STICKY ADHESIVE-
-PEEL “COVER PAPER” OFF BOTH SIDES-
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2
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[25-PACK]
$16.99
[68 CENTS] / [MAGNET]
($18.12 AFTER TAX)
-NEODYMIUM-
[60MM] X [10MM] X [3MM]
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*6 SIZES* —>
[6 CM] X [1 CM] X [0.3 CM]
[4 CM] X [1 CM] X [0.5 CM]
[3 CM] X [1 CM] X [0.3 CM]
[2 CM] X [0.5 CM] X [0.2 CM]
[1 CM] X [0.5 CM] X [0.2 CM]
[0.6 CM] X [0.3 CM] X [0.2 CM]
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-HOLDS [33 POUNDS]-
-[14,968.55 GRAMS]-
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-LOVIMAG-
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-MAGNETIC DOTS-
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*USE ‘MAGNET PAIRS’ TO FASTEN ITEMS* —>
-MICROPHONE POP FILTER-
-TRASH BAG-
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*magnetic items* –>
*PAPER CLIPS*
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“nano” –> “billionth”
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-a ‘nano-magnet’ is a ‘sub-micro-metric system’ that presents ‘spontaneous magnetic order’ (‘magnetization’) at ‘zero applied magnetic field’ (‘remanence’)-
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The small size of nanomagnets prevents the formation of magnetic domains
(see single domain (magnetic)).
The magnetization dynamics of sufficiently small nanomagnets at low temperatures, typically single-molecule magnets, presents quantum phenomena, such as macroscopic spin tunnelling.
At larger temperatures, the magnetization undergoes random thermal fluctuations (superparamagnetism) which present a limit for the use of nanomagnets for permanent information storage.
Canonical examples of nanomagnets are grains[1][2] of ferromagnetic metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) and single-molecule magnets
The vast majority of nanomagnets feature transition metal (titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt or nickel) or rare earth (Gadolinium, Europium, Erbium) magnetic atoms
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The ultimate limit in miniaturization of nanomagnets was achieved in 2016:
individual Ho atoms present remanence when deposited on a atomically thin layer of MgO coating a silver film was reported by scientists from EPFL and ETH, in Switzerland
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Before that, the smallest nanomagnets reported, attending to the number of magnetic atoms, were double decker phthalocyanes molecules with only one rare-earth atom
Other systems presenting remanence are nanoengineered Fe chains, deposited on Cu2N/Cu(100) surfaces, showing either Neel [6] or ferromagnetic ground states[7] with in systems with as few as 5 Fe atoms with S=2. Canonical single-molecule magnets are the so-called Mn12 and Fe8 systems, with 12 and 8 transition metal atoms each and both with spin 10 (S = 10) ground states.
The phenomenon of zero field magnetization requires three conditions:
A ground state with finite spin
A magnetic anisotropy energy barrier
Long spin relaxation time.
Conditions 1 and 2, but not 3, have been demonstrated in a number of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles,[8] nanoislands,[9] and quantum dots[10][11] with a controlled number of magnetic atoms (between 1 and 10).
References[edit]
^ Guéron, S.; Deshmukh, Mandar M.; Myers, E. B.; Ralph, D. C. (15 November 1999). “Tunneling via Individual Electronic States in Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles”. Physical Review Letters. 83 (20): 4148–4151. arXiv:cond-mat/9904248. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4148G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4148. S2CID 39584741.
^ Jamet, M.; Wernsdorfer, W.; Thirion, C.; Mailly, D.; Dupuis, V.; Mélinon, P.; Pérez, A. (14 May 2001). “Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single Cobalt Nanocluster”. Physical Review Letters. 86 (20): 4676–4679. arXiv:cond-mat/0012029. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..86.4676J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.4676. PMID 11384312. S2CID 41734831.
^ Gatteschi, Dante; Sessoli, Roberta; Villain, Jacques (2006). Molecular Nanomagnets (Reprint ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-856753-7.
^ Donati, F.; Rusponi, S.; Stepanow, S.; Wäckerlin, C.; Singha, A.; Persichetti, L.; Baltic, R.; Diller, K.; Patthey, F. (2016-04-15). “Magnetic remanence in single atoms”. Science. 352 (6283): 318–321. Bibcode:2016Sci…352..318D. doi:10.1126/science.aad9898. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 27081065. S2CID 30268016.
^ Ishikawa, Naoto; Sugita, Miki; Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang (March 2005). “Nuclear Spin Driven Quantum Tunneling of Magnetization in a New Lanthanide Single-Molecule Magnet: Bis(Phthalocyaninato)holmium Anion”. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (11): 3650–3651. arXiv:cond-mat/0506582. Bibcode:2005cond.mat..6582I. doi:10.1021/ja0428661. PMID 15771471. S2CID 40136392.
^ Loth, Sebastian; Baumann, Susanne; Lutz, Christopher P.; Eigler, D. M.; Heinrich, Andreas J. (2012-01-13). “Bistability in Atomic-Scale Antiferromagnets”. Science. 335 (6065): 196–199. Bibcode:2012Sci…335..196L. doi:10.1126/science.1214131. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22246771. S2CID 128108.
^ Spinelli, A.; Bryant, B.; Delgado, F.; Fernández-Rossier, J.; Otte, A. F. (2014-08-01). “Imaging of spin waves in atomically designed nanomagnets”. Nature Materials. 13 (8): 782–785. arXiv:1403.5890. Bibcode:2014NatMa..13..782S. doi:10.1038/nmat4018. ISSN 1476-1122. PMID 24997736.
^ Gambardella, P. (16 May 2003). “Giant Magnetic Anisotropy of Single Cobalt Atoms and Nanoparticles”. Science. 300 (5622): 1130–1133. Bibcode:2003Sci…300.1130G. doi:10.1126/science.1082857. PMID 12750516. S2CID 5559569.
^ Hirjibehedin, C. F. (19 May 2006). “Spin Coupling in Engineered Atomic Structures”. Science. 312 (5776): 1021–1024. Bibcode:2006Sci…312.1021H. doi:10.1126/science.1125398. PMID 16574821. S2CID 24061939.
^ Léger, Y.; Besombes, L.; Fernández-Rossier, J.; Maingault, L.; Mariette, H. (7 September 2006). “Electrical Control of a Single Mn Atom in a Quantum Dot” (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 97 (10): 107401. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..97j7401L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.107401. hdl:10045/25252. PMID 17025852.
^ Kudelski, A.; Lemaître, A.; Miard, A.; Voisin, P.; Graham, T. C. M.; Warburton, R. J.; Krebs, O. (14 December 2007). “Optically Probing the Fine Structure of a Single Mn Atom in an InAs Quantum Dot”. Physical Review Letters. 99 (24): 247209. arXiv:0710.5389. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..99x7209K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.247209. PMID 18233484. S2CID 16664854.
Further reading[edit]
Friedman, J. R.; Sarachik, M. P. (2010). “Single-Molecule Nanomagnets”. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 1: 109–128. arXiv:1001.4194. Bibcode:2010ARCMP…1..109F. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-070909-104053. S2CID 118713965.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nanomagnet
Nanomagnet
Contributors to Wikimedia projects6-7 minutes 11/30/2008
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.83.4148, Show Details
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