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-as of [21 SEPTEMBER 2024]-
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*ancient history indeed!*
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-the ‘DIN connector’ is an ‘electrical connector’ that was originally standardized in the ‘early 1970s’ by the “Deutsches Institut für Normung” (DIN) – the german ‘national standards organization’-
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There are DIN standards for various different connectors.
All male connectors (plugs) of this family of connectors feature a 13.2 mm diameter metal shield with a notch that limits the orientation in which plug and socket can mate
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A range of connectors of the same form that differ only in their pin configuration exist and have been standardized, originally in
DIN 41524 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9
(3-pin at 90° and 5-pin at 45°),
DIN 45322
(5-pin and 6-pin at 60°),
DIN 45329 / IEC/DIN EN 60130–9
(7-pin at 45°),
DIN 45326 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9
(8-pin at 45°),
and other standards for a range of different applications
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In the context of consumer electronics, the term “DIN connector” commonly refers to a member of a family of circular connectors that were initially standardized by DIN for analog audio signals
Some of these connectors have also been used in analog video applications, for power connections and for digital interfaces such as MIDI (DIN 41524) or the IBM PC keyboard and IBM AT keyboard connectors (DIN 41524, later PS/2 connectors for keyboard and mouse are Mini-DIN connectors). The original DIN standards for these connectors are no longer in print and have been replaced with the equivalent international standard IEC 60130-9.[4]
While DIN connectors appear superficially similar to the professional XLR connectors, they are not compatible.
Standards[edit]
The term “DIN connector” alone does not unambiguously identify any particular type of connector unless the document number of the relevant DIN standard is added (e.g., “DIN 45322 connector”). Some DIN connector standards are:
DIN 41524, for circular connectors often used for audio signals or some digital signals like MIDI
DIN 41612, rectangular connectors used to connect plug-in cards to a back plane or motherboard
DIN 41652 D-subminiature connectors used for computer data and video
DIN 41585 automotive coaxial connectors
Circular connectors[edit]
DIN 41524 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-01 and IEC-02: three-pin, 90°, 180°
four-pin, 72°, 216°
DIN 45327 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-14, IEC-15, and IEC-15a: five-pin, 90°, cube, domino, 270°/360°
DIN 45322: five-pin, 60°, 240°
DIN 41524 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-03 and IEC-04: five-pin, 45°, 180°
DIN 45322 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-16, IEC-17, IEC-18, and IEC-19: six-pin, 60°, 240°
DIN 45329 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-10, IEC-11, IEC-12, and IEC-13: seven-pin, 45°, 270°
DIN 45326 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-20 and IEC-21: eight-pin, 45°, 270°
DIN IEC 60574-18: eight-pin, 45°/41°, 262°
The plugs consist of a circular shielding metal skirt protecting a number of straight round pins. The pins are 1.45 mm in diameter and equally spaced (at 90°, 72°, 60° or 45° angles) in a 7.0 mm diameter circle. The skirt is keyed to ensure that the plug is inserted with the correct orientation, and to prevent damage to the pins. The basic design also ensures that the shielding is connected between socket and plug prior to any signal path connection being made.
There are seven common patterns, with any number of pins from three to eight. Three different five-pin connectors exist, known as 180°, 240°, and domino/360°/270° after the angle of the arc swept between the first and last pin. There are also two variations of the six-pin,[citation needed] seven-pin (one where the outer pins form 300° or 360° and one where they form 270°), and eight-pin (one where the outer pins form 270° and one where they form 262°) connectors.[5]
DIN 45326 / IEC/DIN EN 60130-9 types IEC-20 and IEC-21: eight-pin, 45°, 270°
IEC 60574-18: eight-pin, 45°/41°, 262°
There is some limited compatibility; for example, a three-pin connector will fit any 180° five-pin socket, engaging three of the pins and leaving the other two unconnected; and a three-pin or 180° five-pin connector will also fit a 270° seven-pin or either eight-pin socket.
In addition to these connectors, there are also connectors with 10, 12, and 14 pins. Some high-range equipment used seven-pin connectors where the outer two carried digital system data:[6] if the connected equipment was incompatible, the outer two pins could be unscrewed from plugs so that they fitted into standard five-pin 180° sockets without data connections.
As the keying is consistent across all connectors, it does not completely prevent incompatible connectors from mating, which can lead to damage
this is changed in Mini-DIN, which keys different connectors.
Some “domino” five-pin connectors had a keyway on opposing sides of the socket, allowing it to be reversed. If used as a headphone connector, the plug sometimes had a cut-out in the body that, depending on which way the plug was inserted, would either allow (e.g.) external speakers to be switched off or not as required: inserting the plug one way would activate a switch on the periphery of the socket (thus switching off the speakers), whereas inserting the plug in the opposite orientation would not activate the switch (due to the cut-out in the plug body)—the left and right channels would not be transposed, as the plug was wired such that each headphone speaker was connected “top left–bottom right” and “top right–bottom left”.[7] If used as a serial data connection, the transmit and receive lines could be crossed (although the pinout adopted by Acorn did not allow for this).[8]
Screw-locking versions of this connector have also been used in instrumentation, process control, and professional audio.[9] In North America, this variant is often called a “small Tuchel” connector after one of the major manufacturers, now a division of Amphenol. Additional configurations up to 24 pins are also offered in the same shell size. A version with a bayonet locking ring was used on portable tape recorders, dictation machines, and lighting dimmers and controls through from the 1960s to the 1980s, an example being the microphone input connector and some others on the “Report” family of Uher tape recorders. The bayonet locking version is sometimes referred to by the trade name Preh. Belling Lee offered a version with a sprung-loaded collar which latched on insertion but required the collar to be pulled back to release the connector, similar to the LEMO B series connector. This connector was commonly referred to as the “Bleecon”,[10] an example of its use being the Strand Tempus range of theatrical lighting dimmers and control desks.[10] A version with a pushbutton latch similar to that on an XLR cable mounted socket was also available. Female connectors with screw-locking, Bleecon, or bayonet latching features are compatible with standard DIN plugs.
Applications[edit]
Analog audio[edit]
Application Connector Pin function
1 4 2 5 3
Amplifier Monophonic DIN-5 Diagram.svg 5/180° Audio out Screen/return Audio in
Stereophonic Left out Right out Right in Left in
Tape recorder Monophonic Audio in Audio out
Stereophonic Left in Right in Right out Left out
Common colors on DIN-4RCA adapters white red yellow black Common colors on DIN-2RCA adapters (sometimes joined with pin 5) red white
The 3/180° and 5/180° connectors were originally standardized and widely used in European countries for interconnecting analog audio equipment. For example, a stereo tape recorder could connect to a stereo amplifier using the five pins for the four signal connections plus ground. The connectors on the cord are connected pin for pin, (pin 1 to pin 1, etc.). Pins on male connectors are numbered (from right to left, viewed from outside of the connector, with the five pins upwards, and facing them): 1–4–2–5–3. Holes on female connectors are also numbered 1-4-2-5-3, but from left to right (facing the holes). The three pins that make contact with a 3 pin DIN connector will have the same pin numbering both in the three-pin and the five-pin connector. A four-conductor cord wired in this way is sometimes called a DIN cord, a DIN lead or a DIN cable. For mono interconnections, the 3/180° plugs are sufficient. When a mono plug is inserted into a stereo socket, it mates with the left channel. For playback only interconnections, the 3/180° plugs are sufficient, with pin 1 and 3 used for the stereo channels and pin 2 as signal ground. Five-pin DIN inputs for record players and auxiliary signal sources commonly join pin 1 and 5 in order to be compatible both with the 3/180° and 5/180° pinouts. This generally works fine. However the join of pin 1 and 5 on adapters between DIN and RCA connectors can cause problems if used with a five-pin DIN connector tape connector on an amplifier or receiver, as it will join the left record with right playback signal. The other way around is usually not a problem as sending the right playback out of a tape recorder back in to the left record input usually imposes no problem in playback mode.
The signal levels are generally in the low range of line levels for playback/reproduction signals.
The levels for recording can be considerable lower, more like microphone levels in some cases.
Some manufacturers, like Philips, Uher and others, did use the connector slightly differently for tape recorders. Pin 2 (signal ground) was the same as others, and in playback mode pin 3 and 5 were used for left and right line level output as others. However in record mode all pins were active inputs, with pin 1 and 4 for low-level signals like microphone levels, while pin 3 and 5 were used for line-level signals. On all these recorders the output signals were only active in play mode, not in stop, record, rewind, fast forward or any other mode. The main benefits with this usage is that tape copying can be done with the regular pin-to-pin connected cables commonly used to connect tape recorders to amplifiers/receivers. An additional benefit is that several tape recorders can be connected in parallel, and can also be connected to an amplifier/receiver. Copying is done simply by pressing play on the playback recorder, rec on any recorders used for recording, and the amplifier/receiver is either switched off or set to the tape position. Recording of radio broadcasts or records is equally simple, just press record on any recorder and do not set any other recorder to playback mode. This eliminates the need for any switch boxes otherwise commonly used to connect more than one tape recorder to a single tape recorder connector on an amplifier/receiver. The drawbacks were that connecting any mono recorder with pin 1 joined to 4 and pin 5 joined to 3 (a common practice to make mono recorders record both channels in parallel and reproduce in both channels) would make all tape sounds mono. Also any tape recorder with three heads, used for monitoring while recording, needs an extra lead between the recorder and the amplifier to be able to monitor the recording through the amplifier and speakers. On Philips amplifiers/receivers and three head recorders that extra socket is labeled Monitor while the regular socket is labeled Tape. Another drawback is the possible confusion when interconnecting with other equipment, where a person sometimes would use a straight pin-to-pin cable and sometimes use a special “copying” cable with pin 1 swapped with pin 3 and pin 4 swapped with pin 5. Sometimes a person would also need to lower the signal to make a line output fit a microphone level input.
This interface was rare outside products for the European market, and has progressively disappeared on new equipment, both in Europe and worldwide, since the 1980s, in favour of RCA connectors
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other uses
Five-pin male 180° DIN connector from the keyboard of an original IBM PC. Note the unusually thick shielding skirt.
The 5/180° connectors are commonly used for:
SYNC or MIDI interface for electronic musical instrument[citation needed]
Peripherals or power connectors for personal computers from the 1980s[citation needed]
Audio in the original HME wireless communicators (It is the headset connector for inbound and outbound audio for drive-through restaurants.)[citation needed]
Controlling tilt of UMTS antennas (Antenna Interface Standards Group)[11]
Connecting two controllers for radio controlled model aircraft together for training purposes[citation needed]
The DIN connector saw several other uses apart from audio. It was particularly popular as a connector for various home computers and video game consoles.
Analogue theatrical lighting control (pre-dating the more recent digital control protocols such as DMX) commonly used the 8-pin (45°) DIN connector, six of the pins being 0–10V control signals for six separate dimmer circuits, and the other two a 0V reference and a DC source for powering simple circuitry in rudimentary lighting desks. Pinouts vary between manufacturers: Zero 88, Anytronics, Lightprocessor and Strand have the control signals on pins 1–6, 0V on pin 8 and power on pin 7 and Pulsar and Clay Paky have power on pin 1, 0V on pin 2 and channel outputs on pins 3 to 8. The polarity of the power supply and control signals relative to ground also varies, with Strand having negative voltages, but most other brands having positive voltages.[12]
Other designs[edit]
Speaker DIN line socket (left) and plug (right)
A polarised two-pin unshielded connector, designed for connecting a loudspeaker to a power amplifier (or other device; many of the earlier shoebox style tape recorders used them), is known as the DIN 41529 loudspeaker connector. It exists as a panel-mounting female version, and line-mounted male and female versions. The male version has a central flat pin, and circular pin mounted off-centre. The circular pin is connected to the positive line (red) while the spade is connected to the negative line (black).[13] The panel-mounting female version is available with or without an auxiliary contact that disconnects the internal speaker of the device if an external speaker connector is inserted. Most common is a three-hole female connector with one circular hole on either side of the spade hole, one of them with an aux contact and one without, which provides the option to leave the internal speaker connected by inserting the plug twisted by 180°.
It is now mainly found on older equipment, such as 16 mm movie projectors.[citation needed] The Becker radio found in many Mercedes-Benz automobiles uses this connector. The same connector is used on some LED lamps and halogen lamps to connect the bulb to the power supply. The two-pin DIN plug lacks the outer metal shell, so far less force is required to disconnect the plug accidentally. There are also three- and four-pin versions of this loudspeaker connector, used for example by Bang & Olufsen.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
DIN sync
Mini-DIN connector
IBM PC keyboard#Connection
PS/2 connector
XLR connector
Notes[edit]
^ Deutsches Institut für Normung (March 1974). “DIN 41524:1974-03: Dreipolige und fünfpolige Steckverbinder für Rundfunk- und verwandte Geräte”. Beuth Verlag GmbH. Retrieved 2017-04-01.
^ Fiebranz, August; Rottmann, Hans-Peter (November 1979). “Der gegenwärtige Stand der Normung” (PDF). Funk Technik (in German). p. T 535. ISSN 0016-2825. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
^ Graves-Brown, Paul. “Plugging in: a brief history of some audio connectors”. World Archaeology. 46.
^ IEC 60130-9: “Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz — Part 9: Circular connectors for radio and associated sound equipment.” International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, 2011.
^ Markström, Håkan (2017-11-18). “Kablar” (in Swedish). Retrieved 2019-04-02.
^ “Sounds Heavenly – Help and Advice”. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
^ I[who?] have a Philips tape recorder which has a “domino” headphone socket; the headphone plug has a cut-out in the body thus allowing the external speakers to remain active or not as required.
^ “Why are domino plugs reversible”. stardot.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
^ IEC 60268-11
^ Jump up to: a b “Bleecon”. www.blue-room.org.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-09.
^ “AISG Website”. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.AISG (13 June 2006). “Control interface for antenna line devices” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
^ “0 to 10V Analog Control Protocol”. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
^ Carter, Simon (2010). “DIN Connectors”. Electronics 2000. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
References[edit]
DIN Connectors
IEC 60574-3: Audiovisual, video and television equipment and systems — Part 3: Specification for connectors for the interconnection of equipment in audiovisual systems.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DIN_connector
DIN connector
Contributors to Wikimedia projects16-20 minutes 9/29/2003
This article is about the standard connector. For other uses, see DIN (disambiguation).
Five-pin male 180° DIN connector from a 1988 Schneider MF2 keyboard by Cherry
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DIN power connectors are a style of connectors with four pin or socket contacts encased in a circular housing.
These connectors were originally defined by a German standards organization (Deutsches Institut fur Normung), and thus the name of DIN connectors but are now defined by IEC 60130-9.
Power DIN connectors are often used in moderate power applications when barrel connectors are not able to carry the required current.
Confusion often exists between power DIN connectors and signal DIN connectors.
There is not an absolute definition of a power DIN connector, but by convention power DIN connectors have four contacts spaced at approximately 90 degrees around the center of the connector.
Although the dimensions of the pins and connectors are difficult to find in documentation, it can be assumed 4-pin DIN power plugs and jacks connect properly.
Power DIN connectors can also be found with a threaded locking feature, like the barrel connectors
DIN power plug and jack
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