µ[the greek letter] - -KINGDOM OF JOGA-

-as of [24 AUGUST 2024]–

“Mu”

*forefather of the english ‘M’*

*to type on macOS* —>

[OPTION] + [m]

µm represents a ‘millionth’ of a ‘meter’

(and we pronounce it “micro-meter”)

(uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Ancient Greek μῦ [mŷː], Greek: μι or μυ—both [mi])

Mu is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the voiced bilabial nasal IPA: [m].

In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 40

Mu was derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for water, which had been simplified by the Phoenicians and named after their word for water, to become 𐤌img (mem). Letters that derive from mu include the Roman M and the Cyrillic М.

Names[edit]
Ancient Greek[edit]
In Ancient Greek, the name of the letter was written μῦ and pronounced [mŷː]

Modern Greek[edit]
In Modern Greek, the letter is spelled μι and pronounced [mi]. In polytonic orthography, it is written with an acute accent: μί.[4][5]

Use as symbol[edit]
The lowercase letter mu (μ) is used as a special symbol in many academic fields. Uppercase mu is not used, because it appears identical to Latin M.

Measurement[edit]
the SI prefix micro-, which represents one millionth, or 10−6. Lowercase letter “u” is often substituted for “μ” when the Greek character is not typographically available; for example the unit “microfarad”, correctly “μF”, is often rendered as “uF” or “ufarad” in technical documents.[6]
the micron “μ”, an old unit now named the micrometre and denoted “μm”
Mathematics[edit]
“μ” is conventionally used to denote certain things; however, any Greek letter or other symbol may be used freely as a variable name.

a measure in measure theory
minimalization in computability theory and Recursion theory
the integrating factor in ordinary differential equations
the degree of membership in a fuzzy set
the Möbius function in number theory
the population mean or expected value in probability and statistics
the Ramanujan–Soldner constant
Physics and engineering[edit]
In classical physics and engineering:

the coefficient of friction (also used in aviation as braking coefficient (see Braking action))
reduced mass in the two-body problem
Standard gravitational parameter in celestial mechanics
linear density, or mass per unit length, in strings and other one-dimensional objects
permeability in electromagnetism
the magnetic dipole moment of a current-carrying coil
dynamic viscosity in fluid mechanics
the amplification factor or voltage gain of a triode vacuum tube[7]
the electrical mobility of a charged particle
the rotor advance ratio, the ratio of aircraft airspeed to rotor-tip speed in rotorcraft[8][9]
the pore water pressure in saturated soil
In particle physics:

the elementary particles called the muon and antimuon
the proton-to-electron mass ratio
In thermodynamics:

the chemical potential of a system or component of a system
Computer science[edit]
In evolutionary algorithms:

μ, population size from which in each generation λ offspring will generate (the terms μ and λ originate from evolution strategy notation)
In type theory:

Chemistry[edit]
In chemistry:

the prefix given in IUPAC nomenclature for a bridging ligand
Biology[edit]
In biology:

the mutation rate in population genetics
A class of Immunoglobulin heavy chain that defines IgM type Antibodies
Pharmacology[edit]
In pharmacology:

an important opiate receptor
Orbital mechanics[edit]
In orbital mechanics:

Standard gravitational parameter of a celestial body, the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M
planetary discriminant, represents an experimental measure of the actual degree of cleanliness of the orbital zone, a criterion for defining a planet. The value of μ is calculated by dividing the mass of the candidate body by the total mass of the other objects that share its orbital zone.
Music[edit]
Mu chord
Electronic musician Mike Paradinas runs the label Planet Mu which utilizes the letter as its logo, and releases music under the pseudonym μ-Ziq, pronounced “music”
Used as the name of the school idol group μ’s, pronounced “muse”, consisting of nine singing idols in the anime Love Live! School Idol Project
Official fandom name of Kpop group f(x), appearing as either MeU or ‘μ’
Hip-hop artist Muonboy has taken inspiration from the particle for his stage name and his first EP named Mu uses the letter as its title.
Cameras[edit]
The Olympus Corporation manufactures a series of digital cameras called Olympus μ [mju:][10] (known as Olympus Stylus in North America)

Linguistics[edit]
In phonology:

mora
In syntax:

μP (mu phrase) can be used as the name for a functional projection.[11]
In Celtic linguistics:

/μ/ can represent an Old Irish nasalized labial fricative of uncertain articulation, the ancestor of the sound represented by Modern Irish mh.

Character encodings[edit]

Greek Mu / Coptic Mu[12]

Character information

Preview Μ μ µ Ⲙ ⲙ

Unicode name GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU GREEK SMALL LETTER MU MICRO SIGN COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI

Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex

Unicode 924 U+039C 956 U+03BC 181 U+00B5 11416 U+2C98 11417 U+2C99

UTF-8 206 156 CE 9C 206 188 CE BC 194 181 C2 B5 226 178 152 E2 B2 98 226 178 153 E2 B2 99

Numeric character reference Μ Μ μ μ µ µ Ⲙ Ⲙ ⲙ ⲙ

Named character reference Μ μ µ

ISO/IEC 8859-1 181 B5

ISO/IEC 8859-7 204 CC 236 EC

Code page 437, 850 230 E6 230 E6

Code page 737 139 8B 163 A3

Code page 851, 869 183 B7 230 E6

Code page 1253 204 CC 236 EC

Roman-8, Roman-9 243 F3 243 F3

TeX \mu \micro

Mathematical Mu

Character information

Preview 𝚳 𝛍 𝛭 𝜇 𝜧 𝝁

Unicode name MATHEMATICAL BOLD

CAPITAL MU MATHEMATICAL BOLD

SMALL MU MATHEMATICAL ITALIC

CAPITAL MU MATHEMATICAL ITALIC

SMALL MU MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC

CAPITAL MU MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC

SMALL MU

Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex

Unicode 120499 U+1D6B3 120525 U+1D6CD 120557 U+1D6ED 120583 U+1D707 120615 U+1D727 120641 U+1D741

UTF-8 240 157 154 179 F0 9D 9A B3 240 157 155 141 F0 9D 9B 8D 240 157 155 173 F0 9D 9B AD 240 157 156 135 F0 9D 9C 87 240 157 156 167 F0 9D 9C A7 240 157 157 129 F0 9D 9D 81

UTF-16 55349 57011 D835 DEB3 55349 57037 D835 DECD 55349 57069 D835 DEED 55349 57095 D835 DF07 55349 57127 D835 DF27 55349 57153 D835 DF41

Numeric character reference 𝚳 𝚳 𝛍 𝛍 𝛭 𝛭 𝜇 𝜇 𝜧 𝜧 𝝁 𝝁

Character information

Preview 𝝡 𝝻 𝞛 𝞵

Unicode name MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF

BOLD CAPITAL MU MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF

BOLD SMALL MU MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF

BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL MU MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF

BOLD ITALIC SMALL MU

Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex

Unicode 120673 U+1D761 120699 U+1D77B 120731 U+1D79B 120757 U+1D7B5

UTF-8 240 157 157 161 F0 9D 9D A1 240 157 157 187 F0 9D 9D BB 240 157 158 155 F0 9D 9E 9B 240 157 158 181 F0 9D 9E B5

UTF-16 55349 57185 D835 DF61 55349 57211 D835 DF7B 55349 57243 D835 DF9B 55349 57269 D835 DFB5

Numeric character reference 𝝡 𝝡 𝝻 𝝻 𝞛 𝞛 𝞵 𝞵

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

Image list for readers with font problems[edit]
^ Phoenician mem.svg
See also[edit]

Look up Μ or μ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Fraser alphabet#Consonants
References[edit]
^ “mu”. The Chambers Dictionary (9th ed.). Chambers. 2003. ISBN 0-550-10105-5.
^ “mu”. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ Hadley, James (1884). A Greek Grammar for Schools and Colleges. New York: American Book. p. 79.
^ Neoelliniki Grammatiki (Tis Dimotikis).
^ Grammatiki tis Dimotikis Glossas.
^ Albert Flack (19 April 2010). “US20130038341A1 – Contactor health monitor circuit and method”. Google Patents. Retrieved 10 September 2018. Example of document using both “ufarad” and “microFarad”
^ Ballou, Glen (1987). Handbook for Sound Engineers: The New Audio Cyclopedia (1 ed.). Howard W. Sams Co. p. 250. ISBN 0-672-21983-2. Amplification factor or voltage gain is the amount the signal at the control grid is increased in amplitude after passing through the tube, which is also referred to as the Greek letter μ (mu) or voltage gain (Vg) of the tube.
^ “Nomenclature” NASA
^ Definition
^ “Olympus History : μmju: Series”.
^ Johnson, Kyle (1991). “Object Positions”. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. 9 (4): 577–636. doi:10.1007/BF00134751. S2CID 189901613.
^ Unicode Code Charts: Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)

en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mu_(letter)

Mu (letter)

Contributors to Wikimedia projects8-11 minutes 1/8/2003

DOI: 10.1007/bf00134751, Show Details

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see MU.

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