-as of [28 DECEMBER 2023]-
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published by SMPTE as SMPTE ST 2084
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-the [perceptual quantizer] (PQ), is a [transfer function] that allows for [HDR display] by replacing the [gamma curve] used in [SDR]-
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It is capable of representing luminance level up to 10000 cd/m2 (nits) and down to 0.0001 nits
It has been developed by Dolby[6] and standardized in 2014 by SMPTE[1] and also in 2016 by ITU in Rec. 2100
ITU specifies the use of PQ or HLG as transfer functions for HDR-TV.[7] PQ is the basis of HDR video formats (such as Dolby Vision,[2][9] HDR10[10] and HDR10+[11]) and is also used for HDR still picture formats
PQ is not backward compatible with the BT.1886 EOTF (i.e. the gamma curve of SDR), while HLG is compatible.
PQ is a non-linear transfer function based on the human visual perception of banding and is able to produce no visible banding in 12 bits.[14] A power function (used as EOTFs in standard dynamic range applications) extended to 10000 cd/m2 would have required 15 bits.[14]
Technical details[edit]
The PQ EOTF (electro-optical transfer function) is as follows:[7][15]
{\displaystyle F_{D}=EOTF[E’]=10000\left({\frac {\max[(E’^{1/m_{2}}-c_{1}),0]}{c_{2}-c_{3}\cdot E’^{1/m_{2}}}}\right)^{1/m_{1}}}
The PQ inverse EOTF is as follows:
{\displaystyle E’=EOTF^{-1}[F_{D}]=\left({\frac {c_{1}+c_{2}\cdot Y^{m_{1}}}{1+c_{3}\cdot Y^{m_{1}}}}\right)^{m_{2}}}
where
{\displaystyle c_{1}={\frac {3424}{4096}}={\frac {107}{128}}=0.8359375=c_{3}-c_{2}+1}
{\displaystyle c_{2}=32{\frac {2413}{4096}}={\frac {2413}{128}}=18.8515625}
{\displaystyle c_{3}=32{\frac {2392}{4096}}={\frac {2392}{128}}=18.6875}
See also[edit]
Transfer functions in imaging
High-dynamic-range television
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b “ST 2084:2014”. IEEE Xplore. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST2084.2014. ISBN 978-1-61482-829-7. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dolby Laboratories. “Dolby Vision Whitepaper” (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
^ Eilertsen, Gabriel (2018). The high dynamic range imaging pipeline. Linköping University Electronic Press. pp. 30–31. ISBN 9789176853023. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
^ Chris Tribbey (10 July 2015). “HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet”. MESA. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Bryant Frazer (9 June 2015). “Colorist Stephen Nakamura on Grading Tomorrowland in HDR”. studiodaily. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ Dolby. “Dolby Vision Whitepaper – An introduction to Dolby Vision” (PDF). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
^ Jump up to: a b c “BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange”. International Telecommunication Union. 4 July 2016. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
^ “ITU announces BT.2100 HDR TV standard”. Rasmus Larsen. 5 July 2016. Archived from the original on 10 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
^ Dolby. “Dolby Vision Profiles and Levels Version 1.3.2 – Specification” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^ Consumer Technology Association (27 August 2015). “CEA Defines ‘HDR Compatible’ Displays”. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
^ HDR10+ Technologies, LLC (4 September 2019). “HDR10+ System Whitepaper” (PDF). Retrieved 12 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ “AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)”. aomediacodec.github.io. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
^ “Canon EOS-1D X Mark III Review”. The-Digital-Picture.com. Retrieved 2021-02-15.
^ Jump up to: a b Adam Wilt (20 February 2014). “HPA Tech Retreat 2014 – Day 4”. DV Info Net. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
^ “BT.2124 : Objective metric for the assessment of the potential visibility of colour differences in television”. www.itu.int. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Perceptual_quantizer
Perceptual quantizer
Contributors to Wikimedia projects4-5 minutes 7/26/2016
DOI: 10.5594/smpte.st2084.2014, Show Details
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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