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also known as sennoside or senna,
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-[senna glycoside] is a [medication] used to treat [constipation] and empty the [large intestine] before [surgery]-
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The medication is taken by mouth or via the rectum
It typically begins working in around 30 minutes when given by rectum and within twelve hours when given by mouth
It is a weaker laxative than bisacodyl and castor oil
Common side effects of senna glycoside include abdominal cramps.[3] It is not recommended for long-term use, as it may result in poor bowel function or electrolyte problems.[1] While no harm has been found to result from use while breastfeeding, such use is not typically recommended.[1] It is not typically recommended in children.[1] Senna may change urine to a somewhat reddish color.[1] Senna derivatives are a type of stimulant laxative and are of the anthraquinone type.[1] While its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, senna is thought to act by increasing fluid secretion within and contraction of the large intestine.[1]
Sennosides come from the group of plants Senna
In plant form, it has been used at least since the 700s AD
It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines
It is available as a generic medication
In 2021, it was the 270th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions
In 2021, the combination with docusate was the 275th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions
It is sold under a number of brand names including Ex-Lax and Senokot
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Medical uses[edit]
Senna is used for episodic and chronic constipation though there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support its use for these purposes.[5] It may also be used to aid in the evacuation of the bowel prior to surgery or invasive rectal or colonic examinations.[12][13]
Administration[edit]
Oral senna products typically produce a bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours. Rectal suppositories can act within minutes or take up to two hours.[14]
Contraindications[edit]
According to Commission E, senna is contraindicated in cases of intestinal obstruction, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g., Crohn’s disease), ulcerative colitis, appendicitis, and abdominal pain of unknown origin.[12]
Senna is considered contraindicated in people with a documented allergy to anthraquinones. Such allergies are rare and typically limited to dermatological reactions of redness and itching.[12]
Adverse effects[edit]
Adverse effects are typically limited to gastrointestinal reactions and include abdominal pain or cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.[12]
Regular use of senna products can lead to a characteristic brown pigmentation of the internal colonic wall seen on colonoscopy. This abnormal pigmentation is known as melanosis coli.[14]
Interactions[edit]
Senna glycosides can increase digoxin toxicity in patients taking digoxin by reducing serum potassium levels, thereby enhancing the effects of digoxin.[15]
Mechanism of action[edit]
The breakdown products of senna act directly as irritants on the colonic wall to induce fluid secretion and colonic motility.[16]
Pharmacology[edit]
They are anthraquinone derivatives and dimeric glycosides.[17]
Society and culture[edit]
Formulations[edit]
Senna is an over-the-counter medication available in multiple formulations, including oral formations (liquid, tablet, granular) and rectal suppositories. Senna products are manufactured by multiple generic drug makers and sold under various brand names.[13]
Brand names[edit]
Ex-Lax, Geri-kot, Perdiem Overnight Relief, Senexon, Pursennid, Senna Smooth, Senna-Gen, Senna-GRX, Senna-Lax, Senna-Tabs, Senna-Time, SennaCon, Senno, Senokot.[12]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (1 January 2008). “Senna”. Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
^ https://www.tga.gov.au/products/medicines/find-information-about-medicine/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database
^ Jump up to: a b c d Navti P (2010). Pharmacology for pharmacy and the health sciences : a patient-centred approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 337. ISBN 9780199559824. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
^ “Senna(Powdered)”. PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Jump up to: a b Wald A (January 2016). “Constipation: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment”. JAMA (Review). 315 (2): 185–91. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16994. PMID 26757467.
^ Jump up to: a b Hamilton RJ (2010). Tarascon pharmacopoeia (2010 ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. p. 181. ISBN 9780763777685. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
^ Khare CP (2004). Indian Herbal Remedies Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 133. ISBN 9783642186592. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ Jump up to: a b “The Top 300 of 2021”. ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^ “Sennosides – Drug Usage Statistics”. ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^ “Senna; Docusate – Drug Usage Statistics”. ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lexicomp Online, Lexi Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 17 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Drugs.com “Senna (Professional Patient Advice)”. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b McQuaid KR (2012). “Chapter 62. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases.”. In Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ (eds.). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ “Senna: MedlinePlus Supplements”. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015.
^ Sharkey KA, Wallace JL (2011). “Chapter 46. Treatment of Disorders of Bowel Motility and Water Flux; Anti-Emetics; Agents Used in Biliary and Pancreatic Disease.”. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
^ Franz G (October 1993). “The senna drug and its chemistry”. Pharmacology. 47 (Suppl. 1): 2–6. doi:10.1159/000139654. PMID 8234429.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Senna_glycoside
Senna glycoside
Contributors to Wikimedia projects7-9 minutes 10/4/2007
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.16994, Show Details
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Senna glycoside
Clinical data
Trade names Ex-Lax, Senokot, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a601112
License data
US DailyMed: Senna
Pregnancy
category
AU: A[2]
Routes of
administration By mouth, rectal
ATC code
A06AB06 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
UK: P (Pharmacy medicines)
US: OTC
In general: Over-the-counter (OTC)
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of action Minutes (by rectum), 6 to 12 hours (by mouth)[3]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
CAS Number
66575-30-2 check
PubChem CID
5199
DrugBank
DB11365 check
ChemSpider
65892 ☒
KEGG
D02171
Chemical and physical data
Formula C42H38O20[4]
Molar mass 862.746 g·mol−1
☒check (what is this?) (verify)
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