-AITOFF PROJECTIONS-

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-as of [20 MAY 2025]-

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-the aitoff projection is a ‘modified azimuthal map projection’ proposed by ‘david a aitoff in ‘1889’-

(based on the ‘equatorial form’ of the ‘azimuthal equidistant projection’, ‘aitoff’ first halves ‘longitudes’, then projects according to the ‘azimuthal equidistant’, and then stretches the result horizontally into a ‘2:1 ellipse’ to compensate for having halved the ‘longitudes’)

(expressed simply…)

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(where azeqx + azeqy are the  X + Y components of the ‘equatorial azimuthal equidistant projection’)

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where…

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(and sinc α is the unnormalized sinc function with the discontinuity removed)

(in all of these formulas, λ is the ‘longitude’ from the ‘central meridian’ and φ is the ‘latitude’)

(3 years later, ‘ernst hermann heinrich hammer’ suggested the use of the ‘lambert azimuthal equal-area projection’ in the same manner as ‘aitoff’, producing the ‘hammer projection’)

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(while ‘hammer’ was careful to cite ‘aitoff’, some authors have mistakenly referred to the ‘hammer projection’ as the ‘aitoff projection’)

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