-as of [24 SEPTEMBER 2025]-
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“de NEER”
(the term “denier” comes from the french “denier”, a coin of small value (worth 1⁄12 sou))
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(NOT AN [SI-DERIVED] UNIT)
(LACKS “COHERENCE”)
(AN [SI-DERIVED UNIT] WOULD TAKE THE FORM [[KILO-GRAM] / [METER]])
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-BASED ON THE “LINEAR DENSITY” OF “SILK”–
-A [9000 METER] STRAND OF [SILK] WEIGHTS [1 GRAM]-
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(/ˈdɛniər/) or den (abbreviated D), a unit of measure for the linear mass density of fibers,
Denier is the mass in grams per 9,000 metres of the fiber
The denier is based on a natural reference:
a single strand of silk is approximately one denier;
a 9,000-metre strand of silk weighs about one gram.
Applied to yarn, a denier was held to be equal in weight to 1⁄24 ounce (1.2 g).
There is a difference between filament and total measurements in deniers. Both are defined as above, but the first relates to a single filament of fiber (commonly called denier per filament (DPF)), whereas the second relates to a yarn.
Broader terms, such as fine may be applied, either because the overall yarn is fine or because fibers within this yarn are thin. A 75-denier yarn is considered fine even if it contains only a few fibers, such as thirty 2.5-denier fibers; but a heavier yarn, such as 150 denier, is considered fine only if its fibers are individually as thin as one denier.[6]
The following relationship applies to straight, uniform filaments:
DPF = total denier / quantity of uniform filaments
The denier system of measurement is used on two- and single-filament fibers. Some common calculations are as follows:[7]
1 denier = 1 g / 9,000 m
= 0.11 mg/m
In practice, measuring 9,000 m (30,000 ft) is both time-consuming and unrealistic. Generally a sample of 900 metres is weighed, and the result is multiplied by ten to obtain the denier weight.
A fiber is generally considered a microfiber if it is one denier or less.
A one-denier polyester fiber has a diameter[8] of about ten micrometres.
In tights and pantyhose, the linear density of yarn used in the manufacturing process determines the opacity of the article in the following categories of commerce: ultra sheer (below 10 denier), sheer (10 to 30 denier), semi-opaque (30 to 40 denier), opaque (40 to 70 denier) and thick opaque (70 denier or higher).[9]
For single fibers, instead of weighing, a machine called a vibroscope is used.
A known length of the fiber (usually 20 mm) is set to vibrate, and its fundamental frequency measured, allowing the calculation of the mass and thus the linear density.
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