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-as of [27 JANUARY 2026]-
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(1650 – 1702)
sovereign prince of orange by birth
from 1672 he government as william III of orange over holland, zeeland, utrecht, guelders, and overijssel of the dutch republic. from 1689 he reigned as william III over england and ireland (and william II over scotland).
he is informally known in northern ireland and scotland as “king billy”. a member of the house of orange-nassau, william won the english, scottish, and irish crowns following the glorious revolution (in which his uncle and father-in-law james II was deposed). in the british isles, william ruled jointly with his wife (mary II), until her death in 1694. historians refer to their joint reign as that of “william and mary”.
a protestant, william participated in several wars against the powerful catholic king of france (louis XIV) in coalition with protestant and catholic powers in europe. many protestants heralded him as a champion of their faith. largely because of that reputation, william was able to take the british crowns when many were fearful of a revival of catholicism under james. william’s victory over james II at the “battle of the boyne” in 1690 is commemorated by the “orange institution” in northern ireland to this day.
his reign marked the beginning of the transition from the personal rule of the stuarts to the more-parliament centered rule of the house of hanover.
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*👨🔬🕵️♀️🙇♀️*SKETCHES*🙇♂️👩🔬🕵️♂️*
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👈👈👈 ☜ *-KING JAMES 2-*
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*-QUEEN ANNE-* ☞ 👉👉👉
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💕💝💖💓🖤💙🖤💙🖤💙🖤❤️💚💛🧡❣️💞💔💘❣️🧡💛💚❤️🖤💜🖤💙🖤💙🖤💗💖💝💘
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*🌈✨ *TABLE OF CONTENTS* ✨🌷*
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥*we won the war* 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
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