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. -as of [17 MARCH 2026]- . -a [periscope] is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents […]

. . . -as of [12 MAY 2025]- . -GENERALIZED VERSION OF “SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION”– -INCORPORATES “RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS”- . In particle physics, the Dirac equation is […]

. -as of [18 OCTOBER 2024]- . Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such […]

. -as of [25 AUGUST 2025]- . sometimes called the Higgs particle . -the [higgs boson] is an [elementary particle] in the [standard model] of […]

. -as of [13 APRIL 2026]- . ( new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) . -a [neutrino] is an [elementary particle] that interacts via […]

. -as of [5 JUNE 2025]- . -also called [“beta ray” / “beta radiation”]- (symbol β) . -a [beta particle] is a [high-energy/speed electron/positron] emitted […]

. -as of [23 AUGUST 2025]- . -THE WEAK FORCE- -W/Z BOSONS- -QUARKS- . -BETA PARTICLES- . -in [nuclear physics], beta decay (β-decay) is a […]

. -as of [18 OCTOBER 2024]- . -in particle physics, flavour or flavor refers to the species of an elementary particle- . The Standard Model […]

. -as of [18 OCTOBER 2024]- . -[diffuse reflection] is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a […]

. -as of [1 JANUARY 2025]- . (also known as a “looking glass”) . -OUR [MIRRORS]- . -a [mirror] is an [object] that reflects an […]